Describe the checklists to be followed in working at high scaffolds and ladders.


assignment 2 Q 1. Describe the checklists to be followed in working at high scaffolds and ladders.

ans
Ladders

1. Application 
● Conduct risk assessment at the workplace where a ladder will be used to identify the potential hazards. (e.g. Is there a danger of electric shock?  Is the ladder placed on a busy passageway?) 
● Identify the type and nature of work. 
● Consider the frequency and duration of using the ladder. 
● Be certain about the application of the ladder to be used. 
● Consider using other access equipment that is safer than the ladder.

2.  Selection 
● Use the ladder in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction is of paramount importance. 
● Use the right type of ladder and ensure it is structurally sound.  You may need to use a straight ladder, a stepladder or other access equipment (such as a mobile ladder scaffold). 
● Choose the ladder that is suitable for the job - do not use the same ladder for all jobs. Choose the ladder of appropriate size and made of proper material according to the needs of work. 
● If fittings or accessories are required, contact the supplier or manufacturer of the ladder to find out what kind of fittings or accessories can fit the needs.  Under no circumstances should the structure of the ladder be altered without authorisation

3. Process 
● Make sure that the footwear is free from mud or grease before climbing up a ladder. 
● Ensure that there is sufficient space behind the steps to provide a proper footing. 
● Employers should properly instruct workers of the hazards in the workplace as well as the relevant safety measures needed. 
● Ladder users should read and follow the information and instruction provided by the manufacturer. ● Pay attention to overhead objects or electric cables while using the ladder. 
● Properly store and maintain the ladder. 
● Ensure the ladder is stable and resting on an even and solid ground.  Fasten the ladder properly with ropes whenever necessary, or have a fellow worker to stabilise the ladder with hands. 
● For straight ladders, the top of the ladder should be at least one metre above the resting place to provide for the handrail. The ladder should be placed on a 1:4 ratio of setback distance to height. 
● The top and bottom of the ladder should be kept free from obstruction.
● Inspect the ladder before use and regularly afterwards.  Use a checklist in conducting inspections.  The result should be confirmed and signed by the officer concerned. 
● Inspection and repair of the ladder should be done by competent persons.  Damaged ladders should be clearly labelled and removed immediately. 
● Draw up rescue measures to deal with accidents, including persons falling from ladders or fall of ladders. 
● never carry heavy objects when climbing up or down a ladder.  Tools or materials can be lifted by rope to the workplace or raised by somebody else. Light tools or materials can be carried in a holster attached to a belt or in a tool bag; 
● never use makeshifts, such as chairs, cylinders or boxes, to replace the ladder;
● never join short ladders together to form long ones; 
● never overstretch the body to either side of the ladder.  Instead, one should position the ladder at the location where work is to be performed; 
● never try to straighten or use any ladder that is already bent; 
● never paint the wooden ladder since the paint may cover up cracks and defects in the ladder; and 
● never overload the ladder.  Under normal circumstances, only one person is allowed to work from a ladder.



Scaffolds
Safety Requirements for Scaffolds

• The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or planks.

• No scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered except under the supervision of competent persons or as requested for corrective reasons by Safety and Loss Control Personnel.

• Guardrails and toeboards shall be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the ground or floor, except needle beam scaffolds and floats. Scaffolds 4 feet to 10 feet in height having a minimum horizontal dimension in either direction of less than 45 inches shall have standard guardrails installed on all open sides and ends of the platform.

• Guardrails must be 2 X 4 inches, or the equivalent, not less than 36 inches or more than approximately 42 inches high, with a midrail, when required, of 1 X 4 inch lumber, or the equivalent. Supports must be at intervals not to exceed 8 feet. Toeboard and the guardrail shall extend along the entire opening.

• Scaffolds and their components must be capable of supporting without failure at least 4 times the maximum intended load.

• Any scaffold, including accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs, ladders, couplers, etc., damaged or weakened from any cause must be repaired or replaced immediately, and shall not be used until repairs have been completed.

• All load-carrying timber members of scaffold framing shall be a minimum of 1,500 fiber (Stress Grade) construction grade lumber.

• All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 9 inch or wider planks is shown in the following:

• The maximum permissible span for 1-1/4 X 9 inch or wider plank of full thickness shall be 4 feet with medium duty loading of 50 p.s.i.

• All planking or platforms must be overlapped (minimum 12 inches) or secured from movement.

• An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided.

• Scaffold plank must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches or more than 18 inches.

• The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement.

• Overhead protection must be provided for men on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

• Slippery conditions on scaffolds shall be eliminated immediately after they occur.

• No welding, burning, riveting, or open flame work shall be performed on any staging suspended by means or fiber of synthetic rope. Only treated or protected fiber or synthetic ropes shall be used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances or chemicals.

• Wire, synthetic, or fiber rope used for scaffold suspension shall be capable of supporting at least 6 times the intended load.

• Scaffolds shall be provided with a screen between the toeboard and guardrail, extending along the entire opening, consisting of No. 18 gauge U.S. Standard wire one-half inch mesh or the equivalent, when personnel are required to work or pass underneath the scaffolds.

• A safe distance from energized power lines shall be maintained.

• Tag lines shall be used to hoist materials to prevent contact.

• Suspension ropes shall be protected from contact with heat sources (welding, cutting, etc.) and from acids or other corrosive substances.

• Scaffolds shall not be used during high wind and storms.

• Ladders and other devices shall not be used to increase working heights on scaffold platforms.

• Scaffolds shall not be moved while employees are on them.

• Loose materials, debris, and/or tools shall not be accumulated to cause a hazard.

• Employees working on suspended scaffolds shall employ a fall-arrest system.

• Scaffold components shall not be mixed or forced to fit which may reduce design strength.

• Scaffolds and components shall be inspected at the erection location. Scaffolds shall be inspected
before each work shift, after changing weather conditions, or after prolonged work interruptions.

• Casters and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs. Casters and wheels must be positively locked if in a stationary position.

• Tube and coupler scaffolds shall be tied to and securely braced against the building at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

legal requirements under Factories Act, 1948

assignment 2 Q 9: legal requirements under Factories Act, 1948 ans What are the provisions relating to health for employees working in factories and the manufacturing process addressed by the Factories Act, 1948? The main focus of Factories Act is towards the Health benefits to the workers. Health Chapter of the Act contains specification from Section 11 to 20. Detailed information of the sections of is provided as under: Section 11:  This section basically specifies the issues of cleanliness at the workplace. It is mentioned in the provision that every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance. This includes that there should be no accumulation of dirt and refuse and should be removed daily and entire area should be kept clean. Section 12:  This section specifies on disposal of wastes and effluents. That every factory should make effective arrangements for the treatment of wastes and effluents due to the ...
Read more

Describe in detail about the principles and various types machine guarding.

assignment 2 Q 2. Describe in detail about the principles and various types machine guarding. ans Fixed Guards As its name implies, a fixed guard is a permanent part of the machine. It is not dependent upon moving parts to perform its intended function. It may be constructed of sheet metal, screen, wire cloth, bars, plastic or any other material that is substantial enough to withstand whatever impact it may receive and to endure prolonged use. This guard is usually preferable to all other types because of its relative simplicity and permanence. Interlocked Guards When the interlocked guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place. An interlocked guard may use electrical, mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic power or any combination of these. Interlocks should not prevent “inching” by remote control, if required. Replacing the guard sho...
Read more

fire engineering

Image
Q: discus different type of fire and fire extinguishing method. A: fire is an exothermic chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen in the air which produces heat flame and light.         FIRE TRIANGLE Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can produce light in the form of either glowing or a fla me. hence, the extinguishing methods would be. removing any one side of the triangle. ignition temperature -  cooling fuel - starvation oxygen - smothering chain reaction - chain breaking method Fires must be fought carefully depending on the materials involved. That is why they have been classified in 6 different categories: UK BASED CLASSIFICATION Class A  – Fires that involve solid or organic materials, such as wood, plastics, paper, textiles, or coal. Class B  – Fires that ...
Read more